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bowling average
The bowling average is one of a number of statistics used to compare bowlers in the sport of cricket. It is the ratio of runs conceded per wickets taken, meaning that the lower the bowling average is, the better the bowler is performing. The bowling average is commonly used alongside the economy rate and the strike rate to judge the overall performance of a bowler.Where a bowler has taken only a small number of wickets, their average can be artificially low, and an increase in wickets taken can result in large changes in their bowling average. Due to this, qualification caveats are generally applied to determine career records for bowling averages. After applying these criteria, George Lohmann holds the record for the lowest average in Test cricket, having claimed 112 wickets at an average of 10.75.
==Calculation==
A cricketer's bowling average is calculated by dividing the numbers of runs they have conceded by the number of wickets they have taken.〔van Staden (2008), p. 2.〕 The number of runs conceded by a bowler is determined as the total number of runs that the opposing side have scored while the bowler was bowling, excluding any byes, leg byes,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Understanding byes and leg byes )〕 or penalty runs. The bowler receives credit for any wickets taken during their bowling that are either bowled, caught, hit wicket, leg before wicket or stumped.
A number of flaws have been identified for the statistic, most notable among these the fact that a bowler who has taken no wickets can not have a bowling average, as dividing by zero does not give a result. The effect of this is that the bowling average can not distinguish between a bowler who has taken no wickets and conceded one run, and a bowler who has taken no wickets and conceded one hundred runs. The bowling average also does not tend to give a true reflection of the bowler's ability when the number of wickets they have taken is small, especially in comparison to the number of runs they have conceded.〔van Staden (2008), p. 3.〕 In his paper proposing an alternative method of judging batsmen and bowlers, Paul van Staden gives an example of this:
Suppose a bowler has bowled a total of 80 balls, conceded 60 runs and has taken only 2 wickets so that.. (average is ) 30. If the bowler takes a wicket with the next ball bowled (no runs obviously conceded), then (average is ) 20.〔
Due to this, when establishing records for bowling averages, qualification criteria are generally set. For Test cricket, the ''Wisden Cricketers' Almanack'' sets this as 75 wickets, while ESPNcricinfo requires 2,000 deliveries.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Records / Test matches / Bowling records / Best career bowling average )〕 Similar restrictions are set for one-day cricket.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Records / One-Day Internationals / Bowling records / Best career bowling average )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Bowling records / Best career bowling average )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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